Level Of Knowledge Research Articles

The energy crossroads: Exploring the moderating role of the energy crisis on the acceptance of the development of a uranium mine

The energy crisis caused by the lack of supply from some countries involved in armed conflicts, coupled with society’s continuous demand for energy production, is leading to the proposal of new energy sources, such as the development of uranium mines to increase nuclear energy production. Mine projects (MPs) trigger numerous conflicts in the local societies involved. While for some people, they represent an opportunity for development and benefits, for others these proposals are perceived as a threat and a health risk. However, energy scarcity and price increases create a social dilemma that moderates the established relationships between the perceived risks and benefits and the valuation of energy proposals. This research aims to analyze both the weight of the factors influencing the acceptance of a uranium MP and the moderating role of the energy crisis on these factors. A total of 629 people participated in this study (371 before and 258 after the energy crisis). The participants answered a questionnaire assessing their socio-demographic characteristics, beliefs about the environment, the perceived risks and benefits, and their emotional balance, as well as their level of knowledge and acceptance of the uranium mine proposal. The results show that age, gender, and level of education and knowledge both directly and indirectly influence the acceptance of a mine. In addition, the perception of risks and benefits is associated with the emotional balance generated, explaining the level of final acceptance of the proposal. The moderation-mediated energy crisis hypothesis influences the relationship between the perceived risks and acceptance of the uranium mine. The results are discussed in order to determine factors for intervention to alleviate the social conflicts created by new energy proposals.

Assessment of Knowledge and Perception of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors prescription Among Physicians in Saudi Arabia.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are a new class of medications that have been proven to improve both glycemic control and cardio-renal outcomes. The knowledge, attitude, and perception toward their prescriptions in Jazan, Saudi Arabia, are still unknown. The study aimed to measure the level of knowledge and attitude toward sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors prescription among physicians in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, SPSS 23rd version. Frequency and percentages were used to display categorical variables. Minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation were used to test numerical variables. Independent t-test and ANOVA test were both utilized to test the factors associated with knowledge and attitude toward the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors. A total of 65 participants were included in the study. 26.2% had a low knowledge level, 30.8% had a moderate knowledge level, and 43.1% had a high knowledge level of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. 9.2% had a low attitude level, 43.1% had a moderate attitude level, and 47.7% had a high attitude level toward sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. Age, professional status, years of experience, and specialty were significantly associated with attitude but not with the knowledge of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors prescription. While the study cohort scored high in the knowledge and attitude domains of the survey, a large proportion failed to answer very essential questions in type 2 diabetes management. An educational awareness program needs to be carried out to strengthen the physicians' knowledge of SGLT2 inhibitors prescription.

Evidence-Based Investigation of Nurses' Nutrition Interventions in Intensive Care Patients Regarding Enteral Nutrition.

The aim of this study was to examine the practices and knowledge levels of nurses regarding enteral nutrition interventions in intensive care unit patients in terms of evidence. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2 hospitals between May and August 2021. A total of 136 nurses working in the intensive care units of the hospitals completed online questionnaires including demographic characteristics and questions about enteral nutrition. According to the nurses' knowledge level about the indication of enteral nutrition formulas, the following were incorrect or incomplete: their knowledge about transition to parenteral nutrition in case of nutritional contraindications, what to do when the amount of gastric residual volume in tolerance is >500 mL every 6 hours, the conditions for starting enteral nutrition, and which formulas are appropriate to use. Regarding their knowledge about enteral feeding tubes/sets, their knowledge about radiologic imaging after tube placement, measurement of gastric pH level, and marking the tube location was insufficient. Differently, the correct answer percentages of the nurses in 11 of the 13 questions regarding the principles of enteral nutrition practice were above 70%. Nurses had adequate knowledge of the principles of enteral nutrition practice, but their knowledge of the indication of enteral nutrition formulas and the evidence for enteral feeding tubes/sets varied. The results showed that nurses need to gain information about the indication of enteral nutrition formulas and evidence related to enteral feeding tubes/sets.

Prostate cancer, its implications and awareness in the South Asian population: a retrospective cross-sectional cohort analysis

Introduction: The second most frequent form of cancer in males and the main reason for cancer-related deaths worldwide is prostate cancer (PC). Despite being less common than in Western nations, PC incidence and death rates have been rising throughout South Asia. This study intends to evaluate how well-informed and knowledgeable the South Asian public is about PC, its symptoms, and screening procedures among men and women. Methods: From August to September of 2022, a cross-sectional survey was carried out throughout South Asia. Participants in the research had to be at least 24 years old, and it used a practical sampling approach. A self-created questionnaire with both closed- and open-ended questions was used to gather the data. SPSS was used to conduct statistical analysis, including χ 2 tests for relationships. Results: A total of 378 individuals, comprising 57.6% men and 41.8% women, were involved in the study. Only 45.0% of participants were aware of prostate specific antigen testing for early PC diagnosis, however, 81.7% of people recognized what the prostate gland was. Approximately 87% of individuals had never received a screening for PC. Compared to males, women showed a stronger understanding of PC and its screening techniques. Notably, 94.7% believed the likelihood of effective therapy was increased by early identification. Conclusion: While women demonstrated better levels of knowledge, the study’s findings show that the general population in South Asia suffers from a serious shortage of reliable knowledge concerning PC. To promote early identification, lower morbidity, and enhance treatment success, awareness-raising and educational initiatives are essential, with a focus on both sexes. This study establishes the foundation for future research and emphasizes the necessity for targeted educational programmes in the area.

LGBTI Healthcare in Medical Education.

Our aim is to reveal the interaction of cultural and religious influences with professional equipment by determining the level of knowledge, sexual attitudes, and homophobia of medical students about LGBTI+ individuals. The study included 324 students from our faculty of medicine. The Hudson and Ricketts Homophobia scale, the Attitudes Towards Lesbians and Gay Men scale, and the Hendrick Sexual Attitudes scale were used with the sociodemograpic data form. Data were collected and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. The mean score of the students from the Hudson and Ricketts Homophobia scale was 58.50. The findings of our study support that medical students consider that the education they receive in this regard is inadequate. One of the goals of undergraduate medical education is the provision of health services to all segments of society; therefore, it is recommended to make improvements in the curriculum in this regard.

Expectations and basic knowledge in ultrasound screening among pregnant women: A questionnaire survey.

This study aimed to evaluate the disparity of the expectations and basic knowledge of prenatal ultrasound (US) screening among pregnant women and make a comparison with the current scientific knowledge and national recommendations. We hypothesize that sociodemographic factors, including age, education, and professional occupation, may be associated with different levels of knowledge. This was a cross-sectional study performed in 2021 of 336 women aged 18 to 46 years in a maternity facility in a tertiary hospital in Portugal. The main outcome measures were questionnaire data from questions divided into four categories (sociodemographic, expectations, knowledge, and final considerations/suggestions). The data were grouped according to the sociodemographic factors (age, educational level, and professional occupation) and analyzed and compared as a function of the social groups as well as overall tendencies. Our data confirmed a significant discrepancy between the expectations and general knowledge of pregnant women regarding prenatal US when compared with the current scientific knowledge. Importantly, we found that both depended greatly on sociodemographic factors, particularly educational level. This reiterated the importance of conducting effective dissemination actions of current scientific knowledge, focusing on the main objectives of US screening as well as the limitations of the existing technology. This study will help in defining strategies for future dissemination actions aiming to improve current practice and lead to a higher synchrony of expectations towards US between couples and practitioners.

Knowledge of urinary incontinence among women 6 weeks to 1 year after delivery.

Urinary incontinence (UI) is common among postpartum women, but many do not seek medical help due to limited knowledge. Understanding the level of knowledge about UI in this population is essential for improving care-seeking behaviors and implementing targeted interventions. The objective was to examine knowledge regarding UI among postpartum women with UI within 6 weeks to 1 year after delivery. A cross-sectional study was conducted at obstetric clinic in two level-three grade A hospitals in Shenzhen, China, from January 2023 to June 2023. Women in their 6 weeks to 1 year after delivery with UI were asked to complete a questionnaire comprising three sections: (1) demographic variable; (2) International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF); and (3) The Urinary Incontinence Quiz (UIQ). A total of 1228 women completed the questionnaire. Their mean UIQ score was 6.63 ± 3.51 (minimum = 2, maximum = 15), indicating the deficiency of UI knowledge among Chinese postpartum women. A total of 86.4% of participants experienced slight or moderate postpartum UI. The results of multivariate linear regression models for UIQ reveal significant independent associations between questionnaire scores and two variables: experience in pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) (p < 0.001) and UI treatment in the past (p < 0.001). The overall model fit was R2 = 0.559 (p < 0.001). The regression coefficients for the experience in PFMT and UI treatment in the past were 2.301 and 4.916, respectively. However, no other discernible factors were identified to distinguish between those with and without adequate knowledge. Postpartum women with UI within 6 weeks to 1 year after delivery had poor knowledge of UI. Targeted educational interventions focusing on PFMTand early treatment for UI are essential.

Performance of ChatGPT on Factual Knowledge Questions Regarding Clinical Pharmacy.

ChatGPT is a language model that was trained on a large dataset including medical literature. Several studies have described the performance of ChatGPT on medical exams. In this study, we examine its performance in answering factual knowledge questions regarding clinical pharmacy. Questions were obtained from a Dutch application that features multiple-choice questions to maintain a basic knowledge level for clinical pharmacists. In total, 264 clinical pharmacy-related questions were presented to ChatGPT and responses were evaluated for accuracy, concordance, quality of the substantiation, and reproducibility. Accuracy was defined as the correctness of the answer, and results were compared to the overall score by pharmacists over 2022. Responses were marked concordant if no contradictions were present. The quality of the substantiation was graded by two independent pharmacists using a 4-point scale. Reproducibility was established by presenting questions multiple times and on various days. ChatGPT yielded accurate responses for 79% of the questions, surpassing pharmacists' accuracy of 66%. Concordance was 95%, and the quality of the substantiation was deemed good or excellent for 73% of the questions. Reproducibility was consistently high, both within day and between days (>92%), as well as across different users. ChatGPT demonstrated a higher accuracy and reproducibility to factual knowledge questions related to clinical pharmacy practice than pharmacists. Consequently, we posit that ChatGPT could serve as a valuable resource to pharmacists. We hope the technology will further improve, which may lead to enhanced future performance.

THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN NON-LINGUISTIC HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The aim of the work is to determine the effectiveness of the use of digital technologies for learning foreign languages in non-linguistic higher education institutions (HEIs). The aim was achieved through the use of general theoretical methods of comparison, observation, as well as calculations of the statistical significance, efficiency ratio, Phillips’ correlation coefficient. The results showed that YouTube, Simpler, and Memrise are the easiest to use, as they do not require additional training for learning the functionality. Blackboard, Learn English, and Bussu applications have the greatest efficiency in classroom perception of the necessary information, as they are aimed at the complex interaction of understanding the theory and the performance of multi-directional tasks. According to students, Rosetta Stone, Learn English, and Memrise applications are the most favourable for self-study. Based on the Kirkpatrick Model, it was established that the majority of students achieved a high level of knowledge (72%). Although students believe that they have reached a medium level of knowledge to a greater extent, as they do not know all the necessary rules. It was found that during language learning students were primarily able to develop working memory (19%), cognitive flexibility (18%). They also gained independence in obtaining new knowledge (17%). The practical significance of the article is in the combination of various digital technologies for learning a foreign language by students of non-linguistic HEIs. The prospects for further research may be determining the effectiveness of learning of students of non-linguistic and linguistic educational institutions with the use of YouTube, Blackboard, Rosetta Stone, Learn English, Simpler, Memrise, Bussu.

Investigating fertility health knowledge and lifestyle risk factors among Nigerian university students: A cross-sectional survey.

Adolescents who are unaware of infertility risk factors and the long-term health effects of their lifestyle choices may participate in unsafe sexual and lifestyle behaviors. Their reproductive goals and health may be affected by such behaviors. Adolescents' awareness of male and female infertility risk factors was assessed, along with lifestyle risk variables related to sexual behavior and psychoactive substance use. The causes of inconsistent condom use were also examined. In 2022, a cross-sectional survey was undertaken involving 598 sexually active university students from Nigeria (18.6 years±0.9), the majority of whom were female (57.2 %). Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and binary logistic regression were utilized in the data analysis to determine the influence of lifestyle factors and levels of knowledge on fertility. Most participants had a moderate understanding of male and female infertility risk factors. The results showed that female students were more informed. Multiple sexual partners and psychoactive substance use were common lifestyle variables. Younger female students, those with several partners, and participants who frequently used alcohol and narcotics used condoms inconsistently. The study emphasizes the need for fertility health and lifestyle risk education for Nigerian youth. Despite moderate knowledge, lifestyle implications on fertility are unclear. Fertility health education in schools could help students make informed reproductive choices and lower the risk of infertility and chronic diseases. Research is needed to confirm findings and inform nationwide targeted interventions.

Evaluation of the Status of Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance of Radiology Department Staff Regarding Radiation Safety Principles at Hospitals in the North and Northeast of Iran

Purpose: Although ionizing radiation is useful in diagnosing various diseases, it can cause potential biological damage such as cancer, cataracts, and fetal damage for patients and staff working in radiology departments. Therefore, knowledge and practice about applying radiation protection principles are essential. This research investigates radiology personnel's knowledge, attitude, and performance regarding radiation protection in the north and northeast of Iran.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using a 30-item questionnaire among 435 radiology personnel in North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, Golestan, and Mazandaran provinces. This questionnaire included questions related to demographic information and the level of knowledge, attitude, and performance of radiology personnel regarding radiation protection. Data was also analyzed using SPSS-19 software.&#x0D; Results: The participation rate of radiology personnel was 80.55%, and the mean and standard deviation of their knowledge, attitude, and performance regarding radiation protection were 45.9907 ± 1.294, 78.1531 ± 4.707, and 44.9368 ± 6.88, respectively. Based on the results of the study, there is no significant relationship between gender and knowledge (P = 0.781), attitude (P = 0.156), and performance of personnel (P = 0.87); however, a significant relationship was observed between education degree and attitude of personnel (P = 0.026), between working years and knowledge of personnel (P = 0.019), and also between job title and attitude of personnel (P = 0.003).&#x0D; Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that there is a significant relationship between education degree and attitude of personnel, working years, and knowledge of personnel, and also between job title and attitude of the personnel. According to these results, our population, both personnel and patients have relatively poor performance and poor knowledge about radiation safety principles. Therefore, formal training in the use of ionizing radiation equipment is necessary for radiation safety.

Archetype analysis and the PHATE algorithm as methods to describe and visualize pregnant women's levels of physical activity knowledge.

The knowledge of physical activity (PA) recommended for pregnant women and practical application of it has positive impact on the outcome. Nevertheless, it is estimated that in high-income countries over 40% of pregnant women are insufficiently physically active. One of the reasons is insufficient knowledge pregnant women have about allowed effort during pregnancy and both recommended and not recommended physical activities. Description of knowledge about physical activity the women have and distinguishing patterns of their knowledge is becoming an increasingly important issue. A common approach to handle survey data that reflect knowledge involves clustering methods or Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Nevertheless, new procedures of data analysis are still being sought. Using survey data collected by the Institute of Mother and Child Archetypal analysis has been applied to detect levels of knowledge reflected by answers given in a questionnaire and to derive patterns of knowledge contained in the data. Next, PHATE (Potential of Heat-diffusion for Affinity-based Trajectory Embedding) algorithm has been used to visualize the results and to get a deeper insight into the data structure. The results were compared with picture derived from PCA. Three archetypes representing three patterns of knowledge have been distinguished and described. The presentation of complex data in a low dimension was obtained with help of PHATE. The formations revealed by PHATE have been successfully described in terms of knowledge levels reflected by the survey. Finally, comparison of PHATE with PCA has been shown. Archetype analysis combined with PHATE provides novel opportunities in examining nonlinear structure of survey data and allows for visualization that captures complex relations in the data. PHATE has made it possible to distinguish sets of objects that have common features but were captured neither by Archetypal analysis nor PCA. Moreover, for our data, PHATE provides an image of data structure which is more detailed than interpretation of PCA.

Assessing students’ environmental literacy on sustainability through Knowledge -Attitude-Practice (K-A-P) approach in the Ecosystem Discovery Journey (EDJ) Programme

A successful transition towards sustainability in the university context requires incorporation of three important aspects based on knowledge, beliefs, values and actions among all stakeholders, particularly students, through environmental education and literacy. Hence, this study aims to assess the level of environmental literacy, encompassing knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of undergraduate students enrolled in the LMCP1522: Ecosystem Discovery Journey (EDJ) course in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. A quantitative study was conducted, involving a survey and structured questionnaires completed by 108 students, also known as Eco-volunteers (Ekorelawan). The collected data were analysed by applying the descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed a high level of environmental knowledge (94.4%), positive environmental attitude (56.5%) and fair/moderate environmental practice (69.5%) among students. The study also found positive and significant relationships between environmental knowledge, attitude and practice among the students through Spearman correlation test. The analysis discovered that students acquired environmental knowledge through electronic media, particularly social media as their primary source. The findings of the study illustrated a general depiction of environmental literacy level among students and provided general direction for policy discussion with respect to environmental education in Malaysian higher education institutions.

Decoding MSME Entrepreneurship: A Study from Bogor, Indonesia

This research explores the entrepreneurial behavior characteristics of MSMEs in Nagrak Village, Bogor, aiming to provide empirical insights that guide MSME actors in enhancing their business success. Employing a survey method with a descriptive analysis approach, data was collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires from 27 MSME entrepreneurs. Results indicate that MSMEs in Nagrak exhibit generally strong entrepreneurial behavior, with respondents showing high levels of entrepreneurial knowledge, positive mental attitudes towards entrepreneurship, and proficient entrepreneurial skills. These findings underscore the importance of nurturing knowledge, attitude, and skills in entrepreneurship to foster successful MSME businesses. The study offers valuable input for MSME entrepreneurs in Nagrak, suggesting areas of focus to further improve their entrepreneurial endeavors and achieve business success.

The Impact of a Dual Education System on the Professional Training of Future Preschool Teachers in Higher Education Institutions

The aim of the article is to determine the specifics of the impact of dual education on the future preschool teachers’ professional competence. The study employed such methods as testing, observation, and formative experiment. It was established that future preschool teachers are characterized by low motivation for professional activity, medium level of theoretical knowledge and professional skills, insufficiently developed pedagogical reflection. The hypothesis about the difference between the influence of dual and institutional education on the future preschool teachers’ professional competence was partially confirmed. Dual education demonstrated the best effectiveness in developing the active and reflective components in future preschool teachers. They are slightly better in the development of indicators of the cognitive component, the results belong to the institutional form of higher education. The dual education programme is ineffective in developing the motivational component of the future preschool teachers’ professional competence. The obtained results open up opportunities to improve dual education programmes for the training of future preschool teachers: focus on the development of future preschool teachers’ professional motivation, improving theoretical knowledge in a preschool education institution. The results also indicate the need to enhance the development of motivation and professional reflection of future specialists in the institutional form of higher education. The prospects for further research are the study of the possibilities of using dual education in the training of students of other pedagogical majors.

Implementation of Visual Mind Mapping Strategy to Improve Students’ Language Competence

The opportunities of the educational process can be expanded using innovative mechanisms. The aim of the work is to determine the effectiveness of teaching because of implementing the Visual Mind Mapping strategy to improve students’ foreign language competence. The aim was achieved using the general theoretical method of comparison, calculation of the concordance coefficient, the efficiency coefficient, and the Whitney-Wilk test. Learning was ensured through the development of educational mechanisms, which consisted of information visualisation and intellectual activity development. The study of new words, the use of digital technologies (Writer, Rosetta Stone, Busuu), the development of communication skills, and the development of professional skills were also provided. It was found among students that using Visual Mind Mapping contributes to obtaining a high level of knowledge in a shorter time. Focusing on the Kirkpatrick model made it possible to establish that most students acquired a high level of foreign language competence after testing their knowledge. The students have a positive attitude to learning using Visual Mind Mapping. The practical significance of the article is the possibility of involving innovative technologies for learning a foreign language. The prospects of further research are to compare learning effectiveness with using Visual Mind Mapping for junior and senior year students.

Assessment of Parents Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Child Vaccination in Selected Rural Areas of Kalaburagi District, India

Objective: Immunization has evolved as one of the most successful public health interventions, reducing the incidence of infectious diseases and improving quality of life. This study was conducted to analyze the level of knowledge, attitude and experience of childhood vaccination among local participants from selected rural areas of Kalaburagi District, which can be related to the immunization status of their children.&#x0D; Method: The Prospective, Cross-Sectional study was conducted at selected villages of rural areas in Kalaburagi district. Parents were enrolled into the study by considering the study criteria. Demographic details and other relevant data were collected at pre-test and post-test&#x0D; Results: A total of 631 parents from 10 selected rural areas were enrolled in the study out of which 611 parents completed the study and 20 parents did not complete the study. It was evident that 470(76.92%) children’s immunization was completed according to schedule, 73(11.95%) children’s immunization was not complete according to schedule and 68(11.13%) parents did not know whether child immunization was complete according to schedule or not. The pre and post-test KAP score was assessed using SPSS software and Chi- Square test was carried out to analyze the Statistical significance. The study was statistically significant at p-value of &lt;0.01.&#x0D; Conclusion: The study concluded that better awareness of childhood immunization among parents led to increased immunization experience in their children. Health workers must be trained at the grass root level and through them the importance of childhood vaccination must spread to all rural areas.&#x0D; Keywords: Immunization, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice

The Public Purposes of Private Education: a Civic Outcomes Meta-Analysis

Since Plato and Aristotle, political theorists have discussed the important role of education in forming democratic citizens. They disagree, however, over whether public or private schools are more effective at nurturing citizenship. We conduct a statistical meta-analysis to identify the average association between private schooling and measures of four central civic outcomes: political tolerance, political participation, civic knowledge and skills, and voluntarism and social capital. Our search identifies 13,301 initial target studies, ultimately yielding 531 effects from 57 qualified studies drawing from 40 different databases. Using Robust Variance Estimation, we determine that, on average, private schooling boosts any civic outcome by 0.055 standard deviations over public schooling. Religious private schooling, particularly, is strongly associated with positive civic outcomes. The evidence is especially strong that private schooling is correlated with higher levels of political tolerance and political knowledge and skills. We discuss heterogeneities, robustness checks, and implications.

Description of Knowledge, Attitudes, Behavior of Snacking Habits and Nutritional Status of Students at MI Darun Najah Kloposepuluh Sukodono Sidoarjo

Street food is food that is sold and served by street vendors on the side of the road and in public places, which can be eaten directly without further processing or preparation. This study aims to describe the level of knowledge, attitudes, behavior, eating habits, and nutritional status of students at MI Darun Najah Klopoten Sukodono Sidoarjo. This research method uses a descriptive method. The total population of this study was 311 students in grades 4, 5, and 6 and a sample of 56 students was taken using Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. Data collection was carried out through interviews with knowledge questionnaires, attitudes, FFQ forms, and anthropometric measurements. From the results of the study, most of the students had a sufficient category of knowledge (64.3%), good attitude (71.4%), frequent snacking behavior (53.6%), and good nutritional status (55.4%). From this, it can be concluded that most students still have sufficient knowledge and behavior of frequent snacking habits. It is recommended that the school hold outreach to students regarding information on snacks and nutrition and how to eat good and healthy snacks. School canteens are also expected to provide nutritious snacks.

Awareness of High-risk Pregnancy among Young Adults

A cross sectional study was conducted to find out level of awareness regarding high-risk pregnancy among young adults. The survey was carried out at random locations such as workplaces and colleges where both male and female literate population is most probably found. Using stratified random sampling technique, study subjects were selected (100) and completed the data collecting period over the course of academic year 2023-2024. The required information was collected through self-made questionnaire. The study findings showed that, in general, young individuals either had favourable awareness or were uncertain about many aspects of prenatal care. Majority of the respondent’s percent score were higher than 70% of highest possible mean score in reproductive fitness, chronic illness. Nutrition and weight management. The results also show statistically significant level of knowledge of prenatal risk factors.